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The NAT gateway uses a port-mapping table to remember how it renumbered the ports for each client's outgoing packets. So it then renumbers the Source Ports to be unique, so that it can keep track of each client connection.
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Software based yet very effective under Win2k.Ī modern NAT router or gateway must change the Source address on every outgoing packet to be its single public IP address (the IP address given by the ISP).
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You could also look at Internet Connection Sharing in Windows 98/2k and see a similar gateway process. A device that changes a protocol into another medium or protocol. The modern home routers are for the most part a NAT gateway.
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In this way, for example, it is possible for a web browser to ask a web server for several images at once and to know how to put all the parts of all the responses back together. “Įach separate connection is originated from a unique source port number in the client, and all reply packets from the remote server for this connection contain the same number as their destination port, so that the client can relate them back to its correct connection. However it remains important as all the standards set in place are clearly defined here. “This process involves standards that have been set down by The Internet Engineering Task Force a very informative site but also can be difficult to understand. The addresses specify the two machines at each end, and the two port numbers ensure that each connection between this pair of machines can be uniquely identified. This combination of numbers completely defines a single TCP/IP connection. Each IP packet starts with a header containing the source and destination addresses and port numbers. With this configuration the gaming machines and the router then labels all packets with unique "port numbers". But the resulting configuration is essentially the same. Other home routers require you to hardcode in the IP addresses. In this example the home router is performing this DHCP task. This information is acknowledged by the client, and used to set up its configuration. The DHCP server receives the request, assigns a new address and sends it to the client together with the other required configuration information. When a client needs to start up TCP/IP operations, it broadcasts a request for IP address information. The machine boots up, sends out a query during boot up as you specified in your TCP/IP settings. Think of the standard packets coming out of your NIC card going down the line to the router. So the router is given the actual IP address by the ISP. In our example here involving our NAT router, the router is connected directly to the ISP and our game machines are behind the router. Most Network configuration menus have some form of DHCP option within the TCP/IP settings. DHCP is basically an automated method of assigning IP addresses on a network. DHCP is the more widely used method these days. Whatever type connection you use your ISP has either assigned you an IP address or they have a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) system. I don't think it was ever designed to handle interactive games in the manner that blizzard games work online. So I continue to think that the NAT protocol is the problem. One of the two machines will drop or never connect. I have heard of two machines behind the same router being able to play in different games, but not the same game.
When I consider how this relates to Blizzard games played online, I seem to get stuck on the fact that the ports required by Blizzard games thru a proxy of NAT based router will not allow decent connectivity. The NAT gateway looks in its port mapping table to determine which "real" client address and port number a packet is destined for, and replaces these numbers before passing the packet on to the local client. When any remote server responds to an NAT client, incoming packets arriving at the NAT gateway will all have the same Destination address, but the destination Port number will be the unique Source Port number that was assigned by the NAT. The NAT gateway can therefore reverse the process for returning packets and route them back to the correct clients.
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The port-mapping table relates the client's real local IP address and source port plus its translated source port number to a destination address and port. It therefore also renumbers the Source Ports to be unique, so that it can keep track of each client connection. Because of how NAT works some interactive games and client server applications simply don't work.Ī modern NAT gateway must change the Source address on every outgoing packet to be its single public address. Most home routers use NAT at some level NAT or Network Address Translation.